Spotlights
- Đạo diễn hình ảnh
- DP
- DoP
- Cinematographer
- Director of Cinematography
- Chief Cinematographer
A Director of Photography is the “second-in-command” on a production set underneath the Director, and tends to run the artistic and technical sides of the operation to fit the Director’s vision. The camera, lighting & electric and the grip (set-building) departments are all generally overseen by the Director of Photography, and prior to filming the job entails planning shots, visiting locations and ordering and testing equipment. After filming, a Director of Photography tends to review gathered footage with the Director.
“Getting paid to be a storyteller. Being an artist. Working in the film industry. Being in a creative field. Deciding what a film looks like, its visual aesthetic. Experimenting with new camera and lens technology. The feeling of watching a film, music video, commercial, etc, and thinking ‘Wow, I filmed that. It looks great.’ Solving different challenges, whether it's a tricky camera move or figuring out how to rig a light or hide it somewhere in the scene.” - Alexxiss Jackson
The specifics of what a Director of Photography does on a day-to-day basis can vary based on what medium they’re producing for.
“There isn't really a typical day, which is part of what I love about it. If a project is in pre-production, I may be reading a script, selecting which camera and lens package we're going to use, or even watching a movie that serves as a visual reference for the look the director wants to go for. If the project is in production, I'm on set. But that doesn't always look the same. In its most basic form, I am usually operating the camera on a production, whether it's a narrative film, documentary, commercial, music video, TV show segment, etc.” - Alexxis Jackson
- Kỹ năng giao tiếp
- Quản lý thời gian
- Lãnh đạo
- Phối hợp
- Học tập tích cực
- Camera Operation
- IT Skills
- Critical, Artistic Vision
- Interpreting Scripts/Ideas from Director
Any camera-based production in the entertainment industry, including:
- Television
- Movies
- Commercials
- Documentaries
- Music Videos
- Constantly evolving technology, such as the development of 8K resolution cameras
- Productions with heavier reliance on visual effects
- Developing high definition, High Dynamic Range (HDR) programming
- Some productions shifting to a more online-focused, multimedia audience and style
- Watching lots of media content (movies, television, online videos, music videos, etc.)
- Also discussing that content with others, either from a fan perspective or a critical perspective to learn more about best practices
- Creating products for an online outlet such as YouTube or Instagram
- Directors of Photography (aka “DPs” or Cinematographers) usually hold a bachelor’s in a field such as Film and Television, photography, or similar studies
- Many film schools such as New York Film Academy offer short, intense cinematography training programs lasting a year or two, as well as offering a full degree programs
- Sample courses include:
- 35mm Cinematography
- Advanced Motion Picture Camera Technique
- Cinematography Production Lab
- Film Craft
- Fundamentals of Lighting
- Grip and Electric
- Optics of Lenses & Cameras
- Hậu kỳ
- Production Design
- Production Workshops
- Stage Lighting Workshop
- Still Photography Workshop
- The Visual Screenplay
- Some Directors of Photography have years of experience working on film or television sets in other roles, including as interns, grips, electricians, or production assistants
- Directors of Photography should be familiar with a wide range of production types, from motion pictures and television shows to documentaries, music videos, commercials, and even print ads
- Tích trữ các khóa học về nghệ thuật, tiếng Anh, viết, thiết kế và nhiếp ảnh
- Tham gia các câu lạc bộ nghe nhìn để có được trải nghiệm thực tế
- Watch a variety of production types, including films, TV shows, commercials, etc., and pay attention to how scenes are lit and how visual storytelling elements work
- Bắt đầu làm phim ngắn của bạn cho YouTube hoặc Vimeo. Tìm kiếm bạn bè và thành viên cộng đồng muốn tham gia các dự án của bạn!
- Create a cinematographer’s reel to serve as your calling card. Post it online and keep your compilation footage updated as you improve your craft. Make sure you have rights in advance
- Mượn hoặc thuê máy quay video, thiết bị âm thanh và thiết bị chiếu sáng khi bạn tiết kiệm để mua bộ dụng cụ của riêng mình
- Read about the key players you may interact with, such as directors, producers, actors, stunt people, crew members, and design teams
- Advertise your freelance DP services in the local area or online
- Tham dự các liên hoan phim và các sự kiện mở của trường điện ảnh
- Keep honing your skills and reviewing changes in technology and techniques
- Network your tail off and try to make as many industry contacts as you can
- Đăng ký thực tập phim cho đến khi bạn hạ cánh!
- Nghiên cứu sách, bài viết và video hướng dẫn (xem danh sách Tài nguyên > Trang web của chúng tôi)
- Interview a working Director of Photography or watch video interviews
- Làm việc với các nhà làm phim độc lập trong các dự án nhỏ hơn. Tình nguyện nếu họ không có ngân sách để trang trải tiền lương của bạn!
- Tham gia các tổ chức chuyên nghiệp để mở rộng mạng lưới của bạn khi bạn học hỏi và xây dựng danh tiếng của mình
- Working an internship, or becoming a production assistant on a project, is often the easiest way to get started
- Production assistants tend to have experiences across a set, with the camera, lighting and grip departments that are all overseen by a Director of Photography, giving an aspiring DP more knowledge of the entire process to use in a directorial role
- If you attend a film school, speak with your career center or program coordinators about how to connect with recruiters and companies
Join the International Cinematographers Guild when you’re eligible
Move to where the most movie and TV jobs are! Per BLS, the states with the highest employment for these film jobs are California, New York, Texas, Florida, and Georgia - Check out film job sites and forums as well as portals such as Indeed, Simply Hired, and Glassdoor
- Hỏi các giáo sư, người giám sát và đồng nghiệp của bạn nếu họ sẽ phục vụ như là tài liệu tham khảo cá nhân
- Attend filmmaking events to gain exposure and meet new people
- Strong people skills and conscientious organization of a myriad of activities going on on-set with cameras, lighting, set direction, etc.
- Being able to work under pressure, with budget and time constraints depending on the project
- Particularly when those constraints intersect with environmental concerns like rain when shooting outdoors
- Willingness to travel for work, shooting on location or touring a finished product
- Working through long, irregular work weeks that often include evenings, weekends and holidays
- A strong artistic vision
- Working smaller jobs/internships producing the kind of content one is interested in can open opportunities to network
- Reaching out to individuals who work as DPs and asking questions
Tổ chức
- Hiệp hội quay phim Hoa Kỳ
- International Cinematographers Guild
Websites/Blogs
- Stephen Follows — Film Data and Education
- Không có trường điện ảnh
- Advanced Filmmaking
- Ron Dexter, ASC
- Hành động-Cắt-In
- Adorama ·
- American Cinematographer
- Viện phim Mỹ
- American Society of Cinematographers
- Hiệp hội đạo diễn Hoa Kỳ
- Tạp chí Nhà làm phim
- Liên minh các nhà làm phim
- Phim Riot
- Trường điện ảnh từ chối
- Phim Indie Hối hả
- IndieWire (bằng tiếng Anh)
- Tạp chí Hiệp hội Quay phim Quốc tế
- Mandy.com
- Tạp chí MovieMaker
- Hiệp hội quốc gia các trường sân khấu
- Quỹ Quốc gia về Nghệ thuật
- RedUser (Người dùng đỏ)
- SAGindie ·
- Tạp chí kịch bản
- Nhà làm phim sinh viên
- Studio hàng ngày
- Hợp tác phim
- Women in Film (WIF)
Magazines
- American Cinematographer
Tài nguyên
- Cinebags
- ShareGrid - rental company
Film Schools
- Viện phim Mỹ
- Đại học Truyền thông Đại học Boston
- Trường Cao đẳng Nghệ thuật Điện ảnh và Truyền thông Dodge của Đại học Chapman
- Trường Nghệ thuật Đại học Columbia
- Đại học Nghệ thuật Điện ảnh Đại học Bang Florida
- Đại học Full Sail
- Trường điện ảnh LA
- Trường Điện ảnh và Truyền hình Đại học Loyola Marymount
- Viện Điện ảnh Michigan
- Học viện điện ảnh New York
- Trường Nghệ thuật NYU / Tisch
- Trường Sân khấu, Truyền hình và Điện ảnh đại học bang San Diego
- Viện phim Seattle
- Trường Sân khấu, Điện ảnh và Truyền hình UCLA
- UCLA Extension - Nghiên cứu giải trí
- Trường Nghệ thuật Điện ảnh USC
- Đại học New Orleans Điện ảnh và Sân khấu
- Đại học Texas tại Austin Khoa Phát thanh-Truyền hình-Điện ảnh
Sách vở
- Alternating between different entertainment mediums, possibly freelancing (for film, television, music videos, etc.)
- Possibly pivoting into other roles on a production set like acting, writing or editing
- Other on-air productions such as televised news
- Creating web series for oneself or a larger group on sites like YouTube
- Working for mediums such as animation or video game productions which still require knowledge of cinematography to compose shots
- Teaching in general education programs/film schools
- Creating videos/advertisements for local businesses, bands, artists, etc.
“Working in any creative field can be hard, because it’s not always as much of a straight line as ‘go to school, get this degree, get a job at this company.’ It takes a lot of hard work, a strong network and a lot of diligence. But if you can make it, you can spend your life doing something fun that you love.
Also, never stop learning. That’s a good practice in general, but especially for a career path like this where there is always new technology coming out.” - Alexxiss Jackson
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